Acute myeloid leukemia

Acute myeloid leukemia goes by many names, including acute myelocytic leukemia, acute myelogenous leukemia, acute granulocytic leukemia, and acute non-lymphocytic leukemia. "Acute" means that the leukemia can progress quickly, and if not treated, would probably be fatal in a few month

Chronic myeloid leukemia is a cancer of blood cells, characterized by replacement of the bone marrow with malignant, leukemic cells. Many of these leukemic cells can be found circulating in the blood and can cause enlargement of the spleen, liver, and other organs. A quickly progressive malignant disease in which there are too many immature blood-forming cells in the blood and bone marrow, the cells being specifically those destined to give rise to the granulocytes or monocytes, both types of white blood cells that fight infections.

Myeloid leukemia is a type of leukemia affecting myeloid tissue.

· Acute myelogenous leukemia

· Chronic myelogenous leukemia

Symptoms

· Fever

· Runny nose

· Cough

· Chest pain or shortness of breath

· Pain with urinating

· Diarrhea, occasionally

Infections of the bloodstream, called sepsis, and pneumonia are the most dangerous.

Causes and Medications

· Causes

Chronic leukemia most often occurs in middle-aged adults and in children.It is usually associated with a chromosome abnormality called the Philadelphia chromosome.Radiation increases the risk of developing Chronic leukemia.

Leukemia, like other cancers, results from somatic mutations in the DNA. Certain mutations produce leukemia by activating oncogenes or deactivating tumor suppressor genes, and thereby disrupting the regulation of cell death, differentiation or division. These mutations may occur spontaneously or as a result of exposure to radiation or carcinogenic substances, and are likely to be influenced by genetic factors.

· Medications

· Ultrasound: A thin ultrasound probe is inserted into the rectum. The ultrasound can show if nearby organs and tissues have been invaded by cancer.

· Bone Scan: Prostate cancer often spreads to bones if not detected early. For this reason, this test can be done to provide a detailed picture of the body’s bones.

· CT scan or MRI – These two tests can be used to provide a detailed look at the organs and tissues in the abdomen and pelvis. Only large, bulky areas of cancer outside of the prostate can be seen with these, so they need to be combined with other tests to be most useful.

Treatments

· Radiation therapy

Radiation therapy (also called radiotherapy) is a type of local therapy. It affects cells only in the treated area. Radiation therapy is used alone for small tumors or for patients who cannot have surgery. It may be used before surgery to kill cancer cells and shrink the tumor. It also may be used after surgery to destroy cancer cells that may remain in the area.

· Surgery

Physicians at Mayo Clinic typically recommend that lip sarcomas be surgically removed whenever possible. Surgeons try to remove the primary cancer completely while minimizing the impact on the function and appearance of the affected part of the body. Patients who undergo surgery receive a thorough evaluation by an anesthesiologist prior to surgery.

· Computed tomography (CT) is a medical imaging method employing tomography created by computer processing. Digital geometry processing is used to generate a three-dimensional image of the inside of an object from a large series of two-dimensional X-ray images taken around a single axis of rotation.