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Types of cancer Carcinoma: Carcinoma is a medical term that refers to an invasive malignant tumor consisting of transformed epithelial cells. Carcinomas are most commonly found in the lining of body organs, such as the breast, prostate, lung, stomach, or bowel. Most human cancers are carcinomas. Carcinomas are characterized by cells that cover internal and external parts of the body such as lung, breast, and colon cancer. Sarcoma The term "sarcoma" is sometimes applied to tumors now known to arise from epithelial tissue .usually malignant tumor arising from connective tissue (bone or muscle etc.) one of the four major types of cancer. Sarcomas are given different names, based on the type of tissue from which they arise. For example, osteosarcoma arises from bone, chondrosarcoma arises from cartilage, and leiomyosarcoma arises from smooth muscle. * Liposarcoma - fat * Fibrosarcoma - fibrous tissues * Myosarcoma - muscle * Osteosarcoma - bone * Chondrosarcoma - type of bone sarcoma * Ewing's sarcoma - type of bone sarcoma * Bile duct sarcoma * Brain sarcoma * Breast sarcoma * Kaposi sarcoma * Lymphosarcoma * Soft Tissue Sarcoma * Uterine sarcoma Lymphoma and myeloma Lymphoma: Lymphoma is a type of cancer involving cells of the immune system, called lymphocytes. Just as cancer represents many different diseases, lymphoma represents many different cancers of lymphocytes -- about 35 different subtypes, The most common type of lymphoma is called Hodgkin's disease. All other lymphomas are grouped together and are called non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. The lymphatic system is part of the body's immune defense system. Its job is to help fight diseases and infection. Lymphoma is a cancer that begins in the lymphatic cells of the immune system and presents as a solid tumor of lymphoid cells. It is treatable with chemotherapy, and in some cases radiotherapy and/or bone marrow transplantation, and can be curable, depending on the histology, type, and stage of the disease Types of Lymphoma
Myeloma The blood contains several different types of cells, each with an important job in the body. All blood cells develop in the bone marrow, the spongy substance within our bones. The originator of all blood cells is an immature cell known as the stem cell. The stem cells give rise to committed or programmed stem cells, which then differentiate to form mature cells that circulate in our blood. Plasma cells are part of the immune system and make antibodies. Because patients have an excess of identical plasma cells, they have too much of one type of antibody. As myeloma cells increase in number, they damage and weaken the bones, causing pain and often fractures. When bones are damaged, calcium is released into the blood leading to hypercalcemia (too much calcium in the blood) and that causes loss of appetite, nausea, thirst, fatigue, muscle weakness, restlessness, and confusion. Types of Myeloma * Multiple Myeloma * Giant cell myeloma Leukemia Leukemia or leukaemia is a cancer of the blood or bone marrow characterized by an abnormal increase of blood cells, usually leukocytes (white blood cells). Leukemia is a broad term covering a spectrum of diseases. Types There are two classification criteria for leukemia which determines the type of leukemia. It involves the rate of development and the type of white blood cells that are affected. 1. Progression rate Chronic leukemia: This is a type of leukemia characterized by a slow progression. In its early stages, chronic leukemia is asymptomatic, because the small number of abnormal white blood cells still can carry out some of the normal white blood cells functions. Symptoms occur in advanced stages when the number of abnormal white blood cells increases. Acute leukemia This is a type of leukemia characterized by a rapid progression caused by an increased number of abnormal white blood cells. Acute leukemia can be fatal within weeks or months if not treated. 2. Type of White blood cells involved Lymphocytic leukemia: affects the lymphoid cells. Myeloid leukemia: affects the myeloid cells. Adenoma: An adenoma is a benign tumor that has a glandular origin. Adenomas typically originate from cells used for secretion. Called epithelial cells, these cells are located throughout the body. However, only a portion of such cells is used for secretion. An adenoma forms when normal epithelial cells grow excessively. Pituitary adenoma
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