Breast cancer surgery is a cornerstone of treatment for millions of women (and men) worldwide. It involves the removal of cancerous tissue from the breast, with two primary goals: eliminating the disease and preserving quality of life. Advances in surgical techniques now allow for more personalized options, balancing efficacy with aesthetic and emotional needs.
For many patients, surgery is the first step in a multidisciplinary treatment plan, often followed by radiation, chemotherapy, or hormone therapy. The type of surgery depends on factors like tumor size, cancer stage, and patient preferences. While the idea of surgery can feel overwhelming, understanding the process helps patients feel empowered and prepared.
Did You Know? Over 70% of early-stage breast cancer patients undergo breast-conserving surgery (lumpectomy) instead of full mastectomy, thanks to early detection and improved techniques.
Breast cancer surgeries fall into two main categories: breast-conserving and mastectomy. Here’s a breakdown:
Only the tumor and a small margin of healthy tissue are removed. Ideal for early-stage cancers, it preserves most of the breast and is paired with radiation therapy to reduce recurrence risk.
The entire breast is removed. Variations include:
Reconstruction Options: Implants or autologous tissue (e.g., DIEP flap) can restore breast shape, either during or after surgery.
Surgery is typically recommended for:
Contraindications: Surgery may be delayed for advanced cases where systemic therapy is prioritized, or if health conditions (e.g., heart disease) pose risks.
Patient Story: "Choosing a double mastectomy was tough, but knowing my BRCA1 mutation made it the right call for my future." — Sarah, 42
Medical Workup: Blood tests, imaging (MRI/mammogram), and cardiac clearance ensure you’re fit for anesthesia.
Consultations: Meet your surgical oncologist, plastic surgeon (if reconstructing), and anesthesiologist. Discuss:
Emotional Prep: Anxiety is normal. Seek support groups or counseling. Practical tips:
1. Anesthesia: General anesthesia ensures you’re asleep and pain-free.
2. Incision & Removal:
3. Lymph Node Assessment: Sentinel node biopsy checks if cancer spread. If positive, more nodes may be removed.
4. Reconstruction (if applicable): Immediate reconstruction adds 2–4 hours to surgery time.
5. Closing: Dissolvable stitches or surgical glue seal incisions.
Hospital Stay: Lumpectomy patients often go home the same day; mastectomy may require 1–2 nights.
Pain Management: Prescription opioids (short-term) and NSAIDs (e.g., ibuprofen) ease discomfort. Ice packs reduce swelling.
Healing Timeline:
Warning Signs: Fever, excessive redness, or pus may indicate infection—contact your doctor immediately.
Common Side Effects:
Rare Risks:
Tip: Gentle arm stretches and avoiding blood pressure checks on the affected side reduce lymphedema risk.
Emotional Healing: Post-surgery depression or body-image concerns are common. Therapy and survivor networks (e.g., Susan G. Komen) provide support.
Follow-Ups: Regular mammograms and check-ups monitor recurrence. Hormone therapy (e.g., tamoxifen) may be prescribed for 5–10 years.
Reconstruction Journey: Delayed reconstruction can occur years later. Scars fade over time with silicone sheets or creams.
Return to Normalcy: Most patients resume work in 4–6 weeks. Exercise (e.g., yoga) rebuilds strength and mental resilience.