Pathology review is a careful re-check of tissue, cells, and test results by a pathologist. It is commonly used in cancer care to confirm a diagnosis and refine key details about a tumor. It may involve looking again at microscope slides, repeating specific stains, or re-interpreting reports. Pathology review is often requested before major treatment decisions or when opinions differ.
Calcium is a mineral the body uses to build and maintain bones and teeth. It also helps nerves, muscles (including the heart), and blood clotting work normally. In oncology care, Calcium is discussed in lab results, nutrition, and supportive medications. It may be taken in food or supplements, or given by IV in specific clinical situations.
Potassium is an essential mineral and electrolyte that helps cells function normally. It is measured in blood tests and is commonly managed in hospitals and cancer clinics. Potassium can be taken in food, given as an oral supplement, or delivered by intravenous (IV) infusion. In oncology care, it is often monitored and corrected as part of supportive care during treatment.
Phosphate is a form of the mineral phosphorus found in the body and in many foods. It helps cells store and use energy and supports bones, muscles, and nerves. In healthcare, Phosphate is commonly measured in blood tests and used in medicines and IV fluids. It is especially important in cancer care because treatments and nutrition changes can shift Phosphate levels.
Uric acid is a natural waste product made when the body breaks down purines from food and from normal cell turnover. It circulates in the blood and is mainly removed by the kidneys into the urine. In cancer care, Uric acid is most commonly discussed as a lab value that can rise during rapid tumor cell breakdown. It is also relevant to kidney health and gout, which can matter during oncology treatment.
D-dimer is a small protein fragment found in blood when a blood clot is being broken down. It is measured with a laboratory blood test. Clinicians commonly use D-dimer when evaluating possible blood clots in veins or lungs. In cancer care, it may be considered because cancer and its treatments can increase clotting risk.
Ferritin is a protein that stores iron inside the body’s cells. A Ferritin blood test estimates how much iron your body has in reserve. It is commonly used in oncology and general medicine when evaluating anemia, inflammation, and iron overload.
ESR is short for erythrocyte sedimentation rate. It is a blood test that reflects how much inflammation is present somewhere in the body. ESR is commonly used in general medicine, rheumatology, infectious disease, and oncology. In cancer care, it is used as supportive information rather than a stand-alone cancer test.
CRP stands for C-reactive protein. It is a protein made mainly by the liver that rises in the blood when there is inflammation in the body. CRP is most commonly measured with a blood test. In oncology, it is often used to help evaluate infection, inflammation, and overall illness burden during cancer care.
LDH stands for lactate dehydrogenase. It is an enzyme found in many tissues, including blood cells, liver, heart, muscles, and some tumors. In oncology, LDH is most commonly discussed as a blood test result that can reflect tissue damage or rapid cell turnover. It is used as a supportive lab marker alongside imaging, pathology, and other laboratory tests.