Endocrine oncology is the area of cancer care focused on tumors that arise in hormone-producing (endocrine) glands. It also includes cancers that behave differently because hormones influence their growth or symptoms. Endocrine oncology is commonly used in clinics that manage thyroid cancer, adrenal tumors, and neuroendocrine tumors. Care often involves a multidisciplinary team that combines oncology with endocrinology, surgery, imaging, and pathology.

Sarcoma oncology is the area of cancer care focused on diagnosing and treating sarcomas. Sarcomas are cancers that arise from connective tissues, such as bone, muscle, fat, nerves, and blood vessels. Sarcoma oncology is commonly used in cancer centers and multidisciplinary clinics because these tumors are uncommon and diverse. It combines expertise from surgery, medical oncology, radiation oncology, imaging, and pathology to guide care.

Dermatologic oncology is the area of cancer care focused on cancers of the skin, hair, nails, and related tissues. It includes prevention, early detection, diagnosis, staging, treatment, and follow-up of skin tumors. It is commonly used in dermatology clinics, cancer centers, and multidisciplinary tumor programs. It often overlaps with surgical oncology, medical oncology, radiation oncology, and pathology.

Head and neck oncology is the branch of cancer care focused on tumors that arise in the head and neck region. It includes diagnosis, staging, treatment, and follow-up for these cancers. It is commonly delivered in hospitals and cancer centers by a multidisciplinary team. It also addresses function and quality of life related to speaking, swallowing, breathing, appearance, and nutrition.

Pediatric oncology is the medical specialty focused on cancers and related blood disorders in infants, children, and adolescents. It includes diagnosis, treatment, supportive care, and long-term follow-up after therapy. It is commonly delivered in children’s hospitals, pediatric cancer centers, and coordinated networks that include community clinics.

Neuro-oncology is the branch of cancer care focused on tumors of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. It also covers cancer that has spread to the central nervous system from elsewhere in the body. Neuro-oncology is commonly used in hospitals and cancer centers where neurology, neurosurgery, radiation oncology, and medical oncology work together. It aims to treat cancer while protecting neurologic function such as speech, movement, memory, and vision.

Genitourinary oncology is the branch of cancer care focused on cancers of the urinary system and male reproductive organs. It includes evaluation, diagnosis, staging, treatment, and follow-up for these cancers. It is commonly used in urology, medical oncology, radiation oncology, and surgical oncology clinics. It also supports survivorship care and symptom management for people living with genitourinary cancers.

Gastrointestinal oncology is the area of cancer care focused on tumors of the digestive system. It covers cancers that start in organs such as the esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, colon, rectum, and anus. It is commonly used in hospitals and cancer centers to coordinate diagnosis, staging, and treatment. It often involves a team of specialists working together to plan care.

Thoracic oncology is the part of cancer care focused on cancers in the chest (thorax). It commonly includes cancers of the lungs, pleura (lung lining), and mediastinum (central chest area). Thoracic oncology is used in hospitals and cancer centers to diagnose, stage, and treat these cancers. It is typically delivered by a multidisciplinary team that coordinates several specialties.

Breast oncology is the medical field focused on cancers that start in breast tissue. It includes diagnosis, staging, treatment, and follow-up care across the cancer journey. It is commonly delivered through multidisciplinary cancer centers and hospital-based oncology services. It also supports survivorship care and symptom-focused care when cure is not the goal.