Ependymoma is a tumor that develops in the central nervous system (CNS), meaning the brain or spinal cord. It arises from cells related to the lining of fluid-filled spaces in the CNS (the ventricular system and the central canal). Ependymoma is used as a diagnostic term in oncology, neurosurgery, and neuropathology. It is discussed in pediatric and adult cancer care because it can occur across age groups and locations.

A Spinal cord tumor is an abnormal growth that involves the spinal cord or the tissues around it. It can be benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous). It may start in the spine (primary) or spread from another cancer (metastatic). The term is commonly used in neurosurgery, oncology, radiation oncology, and neurology care.

Medulloblastoma is a malignant (cancerous) tumor of the central nervous system. It most often starts in the cerebellum, the part of the brain involved in balance and coordination. It is diagnosed and treated in neuro-oncology and pediatric oncology settings, and sometimes in adult brain tumor programs. The term *Medulloblastoma* is used to describe a specific tumor type that guides testing, staging, and treatment planning.

Meningioma is a tumor that starts in the meninges, the membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord. It is usually described in neuro-oncology, neurosurgery, and radiation oncology settings. Many meningiomas grow slowly, but some behave more aggressively. The term is commonly used in imaging reports, pathology results, and treatment planning discussions.

Oligodendroglioma is a type of primary brain tumor that arises from glial cells in the central nervous system. It is most often discussed in neuro-oncology, neurosurgery, and radiation oncology because it can affect brain function and long-term neurologic health. Clinicians use the term to describe a tumor with specific molecular and microscopic features, not just a location on a scan. It is commonly evaluated with brain imaging and confirmed with tissue testing.

Astrocytoma is a tumor that develops from astrocytes, which are supportive (“glial”) cells in the brain and spinal cord. Astrocytoma is commonly discussed in neuro-oncology, neurosurgery, radiation oncology, and neuropathology. It can behave in slow-growing or more aggressive ways, depending on the tumor’s grade and molecular features. The term is used in diagnosis, treatment planning, and follow-up care for central nervous system (CNS) tumors.

GBM is a common abbreviation for **glioblastoma**, an aggressive type of primary brain cancer. It typically arises from supportive brain cells called **glial cells** and grows within the central nervous system. GBM is most often discussed in **neuro-oncology**, where teams diagnose and treat brain tumors. Clinicians use the term GBM to guide diagnostic testing, treatment planning, and supportive care.

Glioblastoma is an aggressive malignant (cancerous) tumor that starts in the brain. It is a type of glioma, meaning it arises from supportive cells in the central nervous system. In clinical care, the term is used to describe a fast-growing, infiltrative brain tumor with specific pathologic and molecular features. It is most commonly discussed in neuro-oncology, neurosurgery, radiation oncology, and cancer supportive care.

A Brain tumor is an abnormal growth of cells inside the brain or nearby structures. It can be noncancerous (benign) or cancerous (malignant). The term is commonly used in neurology, neurosurgery, and oncology to describe a mass seen on brain imaging. It also describes a clinical condition that may affect thinking, movement, sensation, or other neurologic functions.

CALR mutation is a change in the **CALR (calreticulin)** gene found in some blood cancers. It most often comes up when clinicians evaluate **myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs)**, which are cancers where the bone marrow makes too many blood cells. CALR mutation testing is typically done on **blood or bone marrow** samples. Results help clinicians classify disease and guide overall care planning.